{"id":4362,"date":"2025-12-19T12:27:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T12:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/?p=4362"},"modified":"2026-02-19T15:32:14","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T15:32:14","slug":"synthese-table-ronde-entrainement-des-intelligences-artificielles-a-quel-prix-paris-16-decembre-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/synthese-table-ronde-entrainement-des-intelligences-artificielles-a-quel-prix-paris-16-decembre-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"[SYNTH\u00c8SE] Table ronde \u00ab\u00a0Entra\u00eenement des intelligences artificielles : \u00e0 quel prix ?\u00a0\u00bb (Paris, 16 d\u00e9cembre 2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The round table \u00abTraining artificial intelligence: at what cost?\u00bb brought together more than 80 participants on 16 December 2025 at the \u00c9cole Militaire (Paris 7).<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4280 size-full\" style=\"width: 800px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11.png 2048w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-1536x862.png 1536w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-749x420.png 749w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-1497x840.png 1497w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-696x390.png 696w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-1392x781.png 1392w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-1068x599.png 1068w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/RDV-ATHENA-11-1920x1077.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>The Chair organised a conference entitled \u00abArtificial intelligence training: at what cost\u00bb on 16 December 2025 at the \u00c9cole Militaire, as part of the \u00abRendez-vous d'Ath\u00e9na\u00bb organised by the association <a class=\"KXeSskFxPcHcYGqDNljHNerDvqxGdzBnZf\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/aed-ihedn\/\" target=\"_self\" data-test-app-aware-link=\"\">AED\/SNC-IHEDN<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Vincent Giraud, researcher at the Chair, welcomed representatives from BnF, Orange Business, OVH Cloud and UNESCO to discuss the impact of artificial intelligence training on open networks and the viability of hosting public content.<\/p>\r\n<p>The round table began with an overview and preliminary analysis of the situation for hosts of open online content and services. Of the three pillars of IT security - confidentiality, integrity and availability - it is mainly the latter that can be undermined by the training of artificial intelligence. Indeed, the automatons that scour the web to absorb extraordinary quantities of data overtax legitimate hosting infrastructures. In practice, this abuse results in too many requests for too much content, overloading servers and consuming too many resources.<\/p>\r\n<p>Rather than looking at the subject of artificial intelligence downstream, i.e. its uses and applications, the angle chosen here was to consider the upstream, where we see that efforts are needed to resist the robots that collect data to feed said artificial intelligence. The result is a new paradigm for the Internet: the simple act of hosting data is becoming less and less trivial.<\/p>\r\n<p>The speakers presented how they are affected and impacted by artificial intelligence training:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The role of the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France (BnF) is to collect, catalogue and archive all documents produced in France since 1537. It is also responsible for disseminating this knowledge. To this end, content is now digitised and published on Gallica, which now contains over 14 million documents, both old and \u00abborn digital\u00bb. This is a de facto major source of interest for researchers and, more importantly, for artificial intelligence publishers, because the data is verified and true. As proof of this, the BnF has for some months been noticing an increase in traffic from associated robots on its infrastructures, which it hosts locally. In 30 days, they can download 20 terabytes of data from Gallica. Hosting the infrastructure locally at BnF is a strategic choice for the institution. Although it might be feared that the additional traffic would lead to increased hardware costs, this is not the case at the moment: no server has been purchased and no increase in bandwidth has been implemented at the moment due to the action of the online robots. However, these robots have a significant software cost, as they require a number of operations and restructuring to be carried out, for example on the Gallica service. Normally, the Gallica service responds to a request in one or two seconds, but during a collection wave, this waiting time can rise to 15 or 20 seconds.<\/li>\r\n<li>OVHcloud also hosts a large amount of data for their customers. They see 6 to 7 billion connections to their servers every day, and they estimate that the amount of traffic dedicated to the harvesting robots is around 35 %. It is often impossible to identify the people behind these harvesting operations because some of these connections are made through a residential proxy, a device that anonymises a connection by usurping the IP address of a private individual with a traditional Internet supply contract. At this stage, OVHcloud is not experiencing any availability problems linked to this phenomenon, but is nevertheless considering the associated risks. There are no obvious answers, as infrastructures and uses are global, and any solution implemented will have to be sufficiently fine-tuned to avoid false positives. The OVHcloud teams dedicated to shared web hosting are in the process of designing a new infrastructure. A key criterion is not to consume more energy despite the constraint of online bots, which are generally impossible to identify among the crowd of legitimate website users.<\/li>\r\n<li>UNESCO is another massive data host. Its UNESDOC platform brings together all the scientific publications and statutory documents relating to Member States\u00ab decisions on their education policies. This represents a substantial quantity of documents, translated into the six languages of the organisation: more than 600,000, a figure that is growing by 5 % per year. This verified, multilingual resource makes it a prime target for artificial intelligence publishers. Data management takes a hybrid form, with some resources hosted by remote service providers and others on site. They have also seen an increase in traffic in recent months, but when it comes to politically-motivated content, it is difficult for the organisation to differentiate between \u00bbclumsy\" abuse by artificial intelligence robots and genuine denial of service attacks. There are two approaches to the question of what position to adopt internally: allowing free access in order to preserve the objective of promoting knowledge and learning, or adopting a coercive approach in view of the costs involved.<\/li>\r\n<li>Orange Business is both a service provider and a hosting company. The company makes available to its customers its almost 500 consultants specialising in artificial intelligence. It regularly wears the hat of creator or trainer of artificial intelligences, depending on the project, in particular those of trust according to the ISO 42001 standard, where the requirements in terms of data selection are strict. It is also possible for her simply to complete a training programme by building on an already established base. This is the case, for example, under a partnership with the \u00cele-de-France region. This is a costly and time-consuming activity, but customers are keen to take advantage of it because it provides a high level of protection against pollution from the training system. While training artificial intelligences can pose a problem for infrastructures, using them in agent mode can also be responsible. Orange Business is considerably developing this mode of use, which is complex to handle as it can lead to increased exposure to cyber attacks. In response, this methodology often results in AI agents locked within an organisation's infrastructure, to prevent any data leakage or poisoning.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The speakers presented their vision of how to manage the consequences of training artificial intelligences.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The BnF, for example, has put in place the same protections for all its types of content, whether text, sound or video.<\/li>\r\n<li>OVHcloud has managed to maintain its service without having to increase its prices, although the increased traffic due to the phenomenon being studied has been taken into account in the design of the new infrastructures.<\/li>\r\n<li>UNESCO has indeed seen an increase in the volume of data managed; although this remains under control for the time being, the cost is real and has been assumed. A global and strategic decision on the subject will have to be taken in the medium term. UNESDOC remains the most critical service, insofar as Member States absolutely must be able to access the history of decisions at statutory meetings.<\/li>\r\n<li>Orange Business is putting some effort into controlling training data: many less conscientious players edit artificial intelligences by sourcing illegal content themselves, or via illegal access. This necessarily results in artificial intelligences that reflect their training data.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>To sum up, beyond the technological dimension, the debate centred on the viability of the open digital model and the balance between innovation, sovereignty and the protection of stakeholders.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4363 size-full\" style=\"width: 800px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-768x578.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-1536x1157.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-2048x1542.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-558x420.jpg 558w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-1116x840.jpg 1116w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-160x120.jpg 160w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-696x524.jpg 696w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-1392x1048.jpg 1392w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-1068x804.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PXL_20251216_180350805-1920x1446.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 10px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Speakers<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4291 size-full\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/BONTEMPS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/BONTEMPS.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/BONTEMPS-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/BONTEMPS-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/BONTEMPS-420x420.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bruno Bontemps<\/strong><br \/>Head of shared hosting deployment and operations<br \/>OVHcloud<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4283 size-full\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CHANUSSOT.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CHANUSSOT.jpg 529w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CHANUSSOT-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CHANUSSOT-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CHANUSSOT-420x420.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Thomas Chanussot<\/strong><br \/>Head of Cybersecurity and Digital Assets (CISO)<br \/>UNESCO<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4284 size-full\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/COUTANT-696x696.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Romain Coutant<\/strong><br \/>Chief Information Officer<br \/>BnF<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4287 size-full\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GAULTIER.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GAULTIER.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GAULTIER-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Didier Gaultier<\/strong><br \/>Director of the DataScience and Artificial Intelligence Division<br \/>Orange Business<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Animation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4285 size-full\" style=\"width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD.jpg 1599w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-840x840.jpg 840w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-696x696.jpg 696w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-1392x1392.jpg 1392w, https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/GIRAUD-1068x1068.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vincent Giraud<\/strong><br \/>Doctorate in computer science<br \/>Permanent researcher<br \/>CYBER Chair - IHEDN<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La table ronde \u00ab\u00a0Entra\u00eenement des intelligences artificielles : \u00e0 quel prix ?\u00a0\u00bb a rassembl\u00e9 plus de 80 participants, le 16 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole militaire (Paris 7e). &nbsp; La Chaire a organis\u00e9 la conf\u00e9rence \u00ab\u00a0Entra\u00eenement des intelligences artificielles : \u00e0 quel prix\u00a0\u00bb, le 16 d\u00e9cembre 2025 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole militaire, dans le cadre des \u00ab\u00a0Rendez-vous d&rsquo;Ath\u00e9na\u00a0\u00bb, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,355],"tags":[558,554,549,441,497,420,421,425,555,431,423,529,556,550,557,553,422,446,551,552,533],"class_list":["post-4362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activites","category-activites-evenements-portes-par-la-chaire","tag-aed-snc-ihedn","tag-bnf","tag-bruno-bontemps","tag-chaire-cyber-et-souverainete-numerique-ihedn","tag-colloque","tag-conference","tag-cyber","tag-cybersecurite","tag-didier-gaultier","tag-ihedn","tag-jean-peeters","tag-majeure","tag-orange-business","tag-ovhcloud","tag-rendez-vous-dathena","tag-romain-coutant","tag-souverainete-numerique","tag-table-ronde","tag-thomas-chanussot","tag-unesco","tag-vincent-giraud"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4362"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4362\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4369,"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4362\/revisions\/4369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4362"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}